A Comprehensive Review of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Prader-Willi Syndrome Research

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurogenetic multifactorial disorder caused by the deletion or inactivation of paternally imprinted genes on human chromosome 15q11-q13. The affected homologous locus is on mouse chromosome 7C. The positional conservation and organization of genes including the imprinting pattern between mice and men implies similar physiological functions of this locus. Therefore, considerable efforts to recreate the pathogenesis of PWS have been accomplished in mouse models. We provide a summary of different mouse models that were generated for the analysis of PWS and discuss their impact on our current understanding of corresponding genes, their putative functions and the pathogenesis of PWS. Murine models of PWS unveiled the contribution of each affected gene to this multi-facetted disease, and also enabled the establishment of the minimal critical genomic region (PWScr) responsible for core symptoms, highlighting the importance of non-protein coding genes in the PWS locus. Although the underlying disease-causing mechanisms of PWS remain widely unresolved and existing mouse models do not fully capture the entire spectrum of the human PWS disorder, continuous improvements of genetically engineered mouse models have proven to be very powerful and valuable tools in PWS research.     

基于英飞凌TC275的整车控制器CCP协议底层驱动开发

针对以英飞凌TC275单片机为平台的整车控制器,进行控制器局域网络标定协议(controller area network calibration protocol,CCP)底层驱动程序的开发。依据CCP的需求开发了英飞凌TC275的控制器局域网络(controller area network,CAN)模块、系统定时器(system timer,STM)模块和FLASH模块的底层驱动程序,实现CCP标定系统的通信连接、数据上传、数据下载、数据存储等功能。为验证系统的性能,进行整车控制器的实际测试,测试结果表明:所开发的基于TC275单片机的CCP底层驱动程序能够实现CCP的功能要求。     

Analysis of driver roles: modelling the changing role of the driver in automated driving systems using EAST

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of the driver within automated driving systems using the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method. We already know that as the level of automation increases within the driving task, the role of the driver shifts from that of an active operator (i.e. a driver driving) to more of a passive monitor (i.e. a driver monitoring). Task, social and information networks were constructed using the Hierarchical Task Analysis of Driving and evidence from driver verbalisations collected during a previous study to further explore the changing role of the driver using network analysis. A ‘broken links’ approach was conducted to show that momentary engagement in non-driving-related secondary tasks within an automated driving system can dramatically change the structure of driving system.     

Value drivers of blockchain technology: A case study of blockchain-enabled online community

There is growing recognition that blockchain technology has significant potential to alter how organizations and people work and communicate. However, theoretical guidance concerning how organizations leverage blockchain technology to enhance value creation for users is still limited. Grounded in the socio-technical perspective and leveraging the rich data obtained from case analyses of blockchain-enabled online communities, this paper develops a theoretical model to identify the core value drivers that blockchain enables for online communities. The core value drivers include: a reputation-value system, data ownership mechanisms, and verification & tracking mechanisms. Our findings suggest that these three value drivers enhance value creation of online communities by motivating participation and protecting contributions.     

月柿提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的以月柿提取物为原料,研究其对2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基的清除能力,并测定其多酚类物质没食子酸的含量。方法检测波长为518 nm,反应时间为40 min条件下,以IC_(50)值(清除率为50%时,抗氧化剂的浓度值)作为抗氧化能力评价指标,并采用高效液相色谱法测定其没食子酸含量。结果月柿提取物对于DPPH自由基有良好的清除作用,其IC50值为0.1868 mg/mL,与常用抗氧化剂作用相当,且月柿提取物中没食子酸含量为1.65 g/kg。结论月柿提取物具有很强抗氧化活性,作为化妆品及功能性食品原料有广阔的开发前景。     

The driver,the road,the rules … and the rest? A systems-based approach to young driver road safety

The persistent overrepresentation of young drivers in road crashes is universally recognised. A multitude of factors influencing their behaviour and safety have been identified through methods including crash analyses, simulated and naturalistic driving studies, and self-report measures. Across the globe numerous, diverse, countermeasures have been implemented; the design of the vast majority of these has been informed by a driver-centric approach. An alternative approach gaining popularity in transport safety is the systems approach which considers not only the characteristics of the individual, but also the decisions and actions of other actors within the road transport system, along with the interactions amongst them. This paper argues that for substantial improvements to be made in young driver road safety, what has been learnt from driver-centric research needs to be integrated into a systems approach, thus providing a holistic appraisal of the young driver road safety problem. Only then will more effective opportunities and avenues for intervention be realised.     

Integrated circuit and system design for renewable energy inverters

This study proposes that a novel integrated circuit (IC) and system design for renewable energy inverters can harvest renewable energy to power direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) loads. In addition, an intelligent synthesis and management tool is developed to design the proposed system and to judge the system’s operational maintenance decisions. Finally, a renewable energy inverter’s information is posted to an online system. Users can obtain the proposed system’s information at any time and place. The accurate and superior performance of the proposed IC and system is confirmed by computer simulations and experimental results.     

NIOSH national survey of long-haul truck drivers: Injury and safety

Approximately 1,701,500 people were employed as heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers in the United States in 2012. The majority of them were long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs). There are limited data on occupational injury and safety in LHTDs, which prompted a targeted national survey. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health conducted a nationally representative survey of 1265 LHTDs at 32 truck stops across the contiguous United States in 2010. Data were collected on truck crashes, near misses, moving violations, work-related injuries, work environment, safety climate, driver training, job satisfaction, and driving behaviors. Results suggested that an estimated 2.6% of LHTDs reported a truck crash in 2010, 35% reported at least one crash while working as an LHTD, 24% reported at least one near miss in the previous 7 days, 17% reported at least one moving violation ticket and 4.7% reported a non-crash injury involving days away from work in the previous 12 months. The majority (68%) of non-crash injuries among company drivers were not reported to employers. An estimate of 73% of LHTDs (16% often and 58% sometimes) perceived their delivery schedules unrealistically tight; 24% often continued driving despite fatigue, bad weather, or heavy traffic because they needed to deliver or pick up a load at a given time; 4.5% often drove 10 miles per hours or more over the speed limit; 6.0% never wore a seatbelt; 36% were often frustrated by other drivers on the road; 35% often had to wait for access to a loading dock; 37% reported being noncompliant with hours-of-service rules (10% often and 27% sometimes); 38% of LHTDs perceived their entry-level training inadequate; and 15% did not feel that safety of workers was a high priority with their management. This survey brings to light a number of important safety issues for further research and interventions, e.g., high prevalence of truck crashes, injury underreporting, unrealistically tight delivery schedules, noncompliance with hours-of-service rules, and inadequate entry-level training.     

基于外特性前馈和模糊控制反馈的发动机冷却系统控制策略研究

在GT-SUITE中建立了一维重型柴油机瞬态冷却系统仿真模型,并对冷却系统控制策略的开发方法和控制效果进行了研究。以降低冷却系统附件最小功耗及提高冷却液温度控制精度为目标,分别设计了脉谱前馈与模糊控制、变论域模糊控制、变论域模糊控制加水泵比例积分控制3种控制策略,并在全球统一瞬态试验循环工况下进行发动机台架工况与整车车辆运行工况的仿真计算对比。研究结果表明:相比模糊控制,反馈采用变论域模糊控制能使发动机出口冷却液温度振幅减少37.6%,温度处于±0.5℃区间内的时间增加39.98%,且附件总能耗降低8.58%,冷却性能得到明显改善;额外采用水泵比例积分控制能使发动机出口冷却液温度振幅进一步减少16.1%,温度处于±0.5℃区间内的时间增加15.26%,但附件总能耗相比提高10.3%,提高温控精度但牺牲了附件的功耗。脉谱前馈与变论域模糊控制在温控精度与功耗优化方面整体表现最优,整车运行环境下温控精度相比模糊控制提高49.28%,同时功耗降低8.68%。     

基于改进遗传算法的带式输送机滚筒优化设计

建立了以带式输送机滚筒质量最小为目标的数学模型,并运用实数编码策略、模拟罚函数法处理约束条件、自适应调整选择和交叉概率等对标准遗传算法进行了改进,利用改进的遗传算法对该问题进行了优化设计。优化设计实例表明,该方法是可行的,并可应用于其他优化设计过程中。